<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781</id><updated>2012-02-16T12:48:27.837-08:00</updated><category term='computer science'/><category term='web'/><category term='general practitioner'/><category term='RDFa'/><category term='SKOS'/><category term='semantic web'/><category term='tutorial'/><category term='cognition in the wild'/><category term='inria'/><category term='open data'/><category term='communication sicentifique'/><category term='interfaces'/><category term='owf11'/><category term='ontology'/><category term='social web'/><category term='general'/><category term='linked open data'/><category term='POWDER'/><category term='social networks'/><category term='wordle'/><category term='nutshell'/><category term='web 2.0'/><category term='slideshow'/><category term='internet'/><category term='history'/><category term='RDFS'/><category term='web of data'/><category term='GRDDL'/><category term='semiotics'/><category term='wisdom of crowd'/><category term='irc'/><category term='lod'/><category term='slideshare'/><category term='OWL'/><category term='w3c'/><category term='vocabulary'/><title type='text'>Fabien L. Gandon</title><subtitle type='html'>Senior Researcher at INRIA,  Ph.D. and HDR in Informatics and Computer Science
Vice Leader for the Edelweiss Research team of INRIA in the Research Center of Sophia-Antipolis, France
(Powered by chocolate)</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>24</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-7275467731386396276</id><published>2012-01-23T01:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-23T01:26:35.768-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inria'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='communication sicentifique'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>Transparents Formation SMS, Séminaire de Médiation Scientifique janvier 2012</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="__ss_11213446" style="width: 425px;"&gt;&lt;b style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/transparents-formation-sms-sminaire-de-mdiation-scientifique-janvier-2012" target="_blank" title="Transparents Formation SMS, Séminaire de Médiation Scientifique janvier 2012"&gt;Transparents Formation SMS, Séminaire de Médiation Scientifique janvier 2012&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="355" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/11213446" width="425"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="padding: 5px 0 12px;"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/" target="_blank"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon" target="_blank"&gt;Fabien Gandon&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-7275467731386396276?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/7275467731386396276/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=7275467731386396276' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/7275467731386396276'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/7275467731386396276'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2012/01/transparents-formation-sms-seminaire-de.html' title='Transparents Formation SMS, Séminaire de Médiation Scientifique janvier 2012'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>2004 Route des Lucioles, 06410 Biot, France</georss:featurename><georss:point>43.615386005576845 7.068103551864624</georss:point><georss:box>43.61466750557685 7.066869551864624 43.61610450557684 7.069337551864624</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-2487433788771925439</id><published>2011-09-23T02:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-27T00:42:20.642-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='lod'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web of data'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='w3c'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='linked open data'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='open data'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='owf11'/><title type='text'>Open Data needs open standards and open research: an academic and standardization point of view at the Open World Forum.</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;Open Data needs open standards and open research: an academic andstandardization point of view.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;speech from Fabien L. Gandon at the Open World Forum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;see video from the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;v=VpOp0DGs7ns#t=670s"&gt;Open World Forum 2011: Open Data: the big picture, panel discussion&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Open data needs open formats&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt; like XML to be stored and exchanged and in that sense having a neutralstandardization body like W3C is vital to design and publish standard formats.Now in parallel the scale of the datasets opened on the web, their variety incontent, lifecycles and usages call for research to develop efficient means ofcommunication, parsing, storage, access, transformation, security,internationalization, and so on.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Open data also needs open data structures&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt; for instance the RDF standard is inherently open: not only is it a nonproprietarymodel with nonproprietary syntax, it is also designed to make datasetsextensible and reusable. By design the RDF model ensures anyone can sayanything about anything; there is no way in the model to prevent that.&amp;nbsp; As soon as you name something I can reusethat name and start to attach my data to it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Now from a researchperspective this creates very complex challenges for instance when calculatingon those data we are in an open world assumption, I can’t be sure I am notmissing an important piece of data somewhere. What kind of processing can I do inthose circumstances, how can I efficiently crawl, index, link and ultimatelyfind my way through this giant global graph of open data?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Open data also needs open protocols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt; to be accessible to everyone from everywhere. But maybe not quite. Opendata is sometimes reduced to data with public read access but things tend to bemore complex in reality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;We may need more than readaccess we may want the C.R.U.D. operations, C.R.U.D. standing for Create newopen data, Read open data, Update open data, Delete open data for instance toimplement the right to oblivion. SPARQL 1.1 is a standardization effort in thatdirection. But then many hard problems remain open for instance temporality inthese accesses to data: versioning, revisions, all kinds of changes and thechain reactions they trigger in a linked open data world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Yet open access also needs tobe secure and in particular to have open data you might need precise means todefine what is open and what is closed. If I have data I might want to opensome of it only, and I should be encouraged to open that part that can beopened. This raises the questions of fine-grain access control and licenses fordata. As paradoxical as it may seems the absence of a license may eventuallyrestrict the use of data by making it difficult to identify actually openeddata. And then if I get some data I might want to make sure I can use it andthis raises the questions of provenance, traceability and authenticity. In thatcontext, many complex questions remain open like what happens when I mash updata with different provenances and licenses? What should be the provenance andlicense of the results of the inferences, aggregations, statistics, I did onthese data? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Open data also needs open schemas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt; to capture their meaning, ensure their interoperability and fosterautomated use and reuse. From the standardization point of view, RDFS or OWLlanguages are contributions in that direction allowing us to publish ourschemas. The issue of fostering the emergence and stabilization of standardschemas in domains needing them remains complex. But on top of it the opennature of the schemas create new challenges like scaling the processing ofthese schemas to large datasets and allowing for approximation, incomplete dataand incoherent data that we are bound to find in an open world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;From a standardization pointof view it is clear that we need neutral places where to build open standardsupporting open data including: open architectures, open formats, open languages,open protocols, open methodologies, and so on.&amp;nbsp;We also need subsequent standardization efforts in each application domainin particular to release compatible datasets and schemas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Now I’d like to conclude withtwo last points from the academic perspective on open data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;First, with the web and beyondcomputer science, many academic disciplines face new research and educationchallenges and the open data initiative in itself uncovers several of them fromlegal issues to be solved to new economic models to be invented, fromsociological approaches of the open data lifecycles to biological models thatcan inspire new data structures and algorithms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;And finally, there is areciprocal perspective to be taken from the academic point of view since scienceand education produce and consume a fair amount of data themselves. Academia isan application domain itself of open data. For instance there is a need for moreopen science data initiatives, opening observations and results of scientificactivities for other scientists to analyze and reuse, making academic andresearch material one-click away from being re-useful.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;In other words, vice-versa,&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt; an open academic world needs open data.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-2487433788771925439?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/2487433788771925439/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=2487433788771925439' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2487433788771925439'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2487433788771925439'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2011/09/open-data-needs-open-standards-and-open.html' title='Open Data needs open standards and open research: an academic and standardization point of view at the Open World Forum.'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>28 Avenue George V, 75008 Paris, France</georss:featurename><georss:point>48.8681572 2.3013579</georss:point><georss:box>48.8655462 2.2964224 48.8707682 2.3062934000000004</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-2939371252159159924</id><published>2011-05-20T13:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-20T13:53:57.956-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Les questions épistémologiques de la recherche en Ingénierie des Connaissances</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="__ss_8044627" style="width: 425px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b style="display: block; margin: 12px 0pt 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/les-questions-pistmologiques-de-la-recherche-en-ingnierie-des-connaissances" title="Les questions épistémologiques de la recherche en Ingénierie des Connaissances"&gt;Les questions épistémologiques de la recherche en Ingénierie des Connaissances&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;object height="355" id="__sse8044627" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=panel3-110520152919-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=les-questions-pistmologiques-de-la-recherche-en-ingnierie-des-connaissances&amp;userName=fabien_gandon" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed name="__sse8044627" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=panel3-110520152919-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=les-questions-pistmologiques-de-la-recherche-en-ingnierie-des-connaissances&amp;userName=fabien_gandon" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="padding: 5px 0pt 12px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon"&gt;Fabien Gandon&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 2]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Qu'est-ce qu'une contribution scientifique en Ingénierie des Connaissances?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Je prends cette question comme «&amp;nbsp;qu’est-ce qu’une contribution &lt;i&gt;prototypique&lt;/i&gt; de l’IC&amp;nbsp;?&amp;nbsp;» Sachant qu’il y a toujours des cas particuliers comme les méta-contributions : les contributions qui parlent de l’IC (ex. Bachimont, 2004) ou qui parlent des contributions à l’IC (exemples trop rares&amp;nbsp;: les comparatifs).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 3]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Une contribution typique de l’IC est transdisciplinaire et ne cherche pas forcément à faire une contribution dans les disciplines qu’elle mobilise, mais plus typiquement à articuler des résultats de plusieurs disciplines, à revisiter, critiquer ou assoir des résultats d’une discipline à la lumière des théories d’une autre, etc. Si elle contribue à une discipline particulière c’est typiquement par fertilisation croisée ou par retour d’expérience sur les usages.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 4]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;En particulier une contribution à l’IC va s’intéresser à marier sciences humaines et sciences formelles et notamment, à investir en fond théorique issu des sciences humaines des modèles ou méta-modèles issus des sciences formelles, à en piloter le choix ou l’évolution et en IC on s’intéressera en particulier&amp;nbsp;: à des modèles ou méta-modèles d’inscription de connaissances et de traitement de connaissances et aux sciences formelles et sciences du numérique, notamment avec la préoccupation d’identifier des modèles informatiquement opérationnalisables.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Une contribution typique à l’IC cherchera donc une fertilisation croisée entre les sciences humaines, sciences formelles et les sciences du numérique et non une contribution dans une discipline singulière.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 5]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Un certain nombre de disciplines mobilisées par l’IC ont une culture de sciences expérimentales où les modèles sont souvent explicatif, génératifs au sens de la simulation. Un des apports que j’attends d’une contribution à l’IC est l'articulation inter disciplinaire qui consiste à passer de tels modèles à des modèles prescriptifs et des modèles opérationnels et donc à passer de l’analyse, de l’explication à la spécification et la conception.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 6]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Pour moi un corolaire important de la recherche active de fertilisation croisée est ce que j’appellerais le devoir de vulgarisation interdisciplinaire i.e. il ne s’agit pas seulement d’établir une contribution transdisciplinaire, il s’agit de la communiquer aux disciplines mobilisées en premier lieu et plus généralement à l’ensemble de la communauté IC. La vulgarisation est nécessaire notamment pour éviter un dos à dos disciplinaire, ces situations que certains d’entre nous ont vécues où en lieu et place d’une transdisciplinarité voulue nous avons des experts de disciplines qui se regardent en chiens de faïence. Il y a pour moi un enjeu important de faire percoler une problématique ou une évolution d’un domaine à l’autre, et une contribution à l’IC se doit donc de faire un triple exercice de mobilisation de résultats mono-disciplinaires spécifiques, d’articulation transdisciplinaire et de vulgarisation interdisciplinaire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 7]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Un point particulier qui me tient à cœur dans la notion de publication&amp;nbsp;c’est ce que change aussi la présence du web. &amp;nbsp;Un point important qu’ont changé le web, le web de données et le web sémantique c’est la publication des données et modèles non confidentiels d’une contribution&amp;nbsp;; pour moi il ne s’agit plus maintenant uniquement de décrire et documenter nos modèles et leur logique de conception dans des articles, mais aussi de les publier en ligne dans des formalismes standardisés. La communauté IC produit des représentations de connaissances, produit systèmes à base de connaissances, etc. et à l’heure du web contribuer à IC devrait aussi souvent que possible se traduire aussi par une contribution au web en mettant modèles, données et outils en ligne.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 8]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Enfin on peut aussi se demander ce que pourrait être une contribution à IC demain&amp;nbsp;? Nous avons tous des desiderata sur ce point je pense, mais personnellement j’aimerais voir des sujets, disciplines&amp;nbsp; et courants plus présents à IC par exemple&amp;nbsp;: ou la question des bases épistémiques d’une nouvelle législation (ex. réflexion sur la propriété dans un monde de ressources non concourantes), l’évolution de l’éducation face à la disparition du besoin de mémoire, le droit à l’oubli dans un monde hypermnésique, plus d’opérationnalisations des courants philosophiques autres que ceux qui ont déjà percolé, le courant «&amp;nbsp;human-based computing&amp;nbsp;» que je n’ai pas su traduire de façon satisfaisante mais qui a beaucoup de résonnance avec certaines questions d’usage en IC, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 9]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Quelles sont les méthodes pour produire des connaissances en IC ?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 10]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Méthodes centrées usages&amp;nbsp;: sous l’influence d’Alain Giboin, notre équipe utilise souvent des approches comme l’analyse par scénarios et personas, mais ce pourrait-être de l’analyse de processus, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 11]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;(1) Faire un état des lieux actuels&amp;nbsp;: scénario a priori.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Identifier si une situation rencontrée relève d’un problème épistémique&amp;nbsp;: il faut d’abord savoir si notre intervention est pertinente, établir si une situation est de notre ressort etc. Typiquement nos scénarios s’intéresse à concevoir, étudier, modifier un système épistémique numérique sous au moins deux angles disciplinaires différents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 12]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;(2) Faire une projection&amp;nbsp;: scénario à postériori&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Cette deuxième étape s’adosse à la construction d’un état de l’art. On vérifie aussi si on est dans un cas où la modélisation et le traitement sont difficilement identifiables i.e. la modélisation est un verrou, le modèle n’est pas immédiat. Il s’agit aussi là d’investir en fond théorique&amp;nbsp;par exemple de décider de s’appuyer sur le paradigme de l’épistémologie sociale pour proposer un prisme à travers lequel on va non seulement expliquer la situation mais aussi expliquer les changements envisagés et justifier qu’ils vont bien mener aux effets escomptés. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 13]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;(3) Proposer une opérationnalisation (c’est en quelque sorte le propre de la nature ingénierique de l’IC)&amp;nbsp;; Il s’agit notamment dans cette phase d’identifier, comparer, sélectionner des outils formels utilisables ou adaptables à l’évaluation, la validation, l’application de la lecture et de l’intervention envisagés dans le paradigme précédemment fixé.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Et la première validation qui sera faite du point de vue de l’IC c’est le déroulé du scénario à postériori pour évaluer son effectivité en contexte et en usage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 14]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Comment valide-t-on une connaissance produite&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Je commencerais par dépiler les critères que l’on trouve classiquement dans une grille de relecture:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 15]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Qualité technique ou profondeur&amp;nbsp;: quel couplage interdisciplinaire est envisagé et surtout pourquoi&amp;nbsp;? Les résultats et théories mobilisés sont-ils justifiés dans leurs choix, dans leur adéquation, dans leur applicabilité, etc.? La logique de conception est-elle capturée, expliquée et argumentée&amp;nbsp;notamment en référence aux théories mobilisées? C’est un point particulièrement important puisque c’est là que se concrétise la transdisciplinarité de l’IC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 16]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: small; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Originalité et Etat de l’Art&amp;nbsp;: états de l’art mono-disciplinaires mais aussi et surtout quels ont été les couplages transdisciplinaires précédents dans la littérature et pourquoi en envisager un nouveau. Puisque l’une des particularités de l’IC réside dans ces couplages, il faut positionner et motiver un nouveau couplage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 17]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Adéquation&amp;nbsp;à la conférence: est-ce une contribution mono-disciplinaire&amp;nbsp;? la contribution est-elle accessible&amp;nbsp;à un publique de non-initiés ? A-t-on un enjeu épistémique&amp;nbsp;? Y-a-il instrumentation d’une tâche cognitive et étude des inscriptions épistémiques impliquées dans cette tâche&amp;nbsp;? Ainsi, l’étude de complexité d’un fragment de logique n’est pas forcément très à sa place à IC s’il n’est pas relié à un usage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 18]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Présentation, forme&amp;nbsp;: outre les critères classiques, j’inclue ici le critère de vulgarisation interdisciplinaire c'est-à-dire&amp;nbsp;: l’articulation interdisciplinaire est-elle expliquée de façon à la rendre accessible à l’ensemble de la communauté&amp;nbsp;? Si je dois avoir lu Kant, Deleuze, Rastier, Wittgenstein et Pierce avant de pouvoir comprendre l’article je ne suis pas non plus certain que l’article soit à sa place à IC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 19]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Validation verticale et horizontale&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Validation verticale&amp;nbsp;: la modification, l’évolution, l’adaptation, l’extension et de façon générale toute contribution à une discipline mobilisée par un travail de l’IC doit être évaluée par les méthodes de cette discipline. Cette évaluation n’est pas forcément exhaustivement incluse ou détaillée dans une contribution à IC elle peut être référencée. L’évaluation peut-être formelle, expérimentale, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Validation horizontale&amp;nbsp;: conceptuelle, quantitative et qualitative. Mais aussi au besoin aller chercher d’autres métriques ex. Khaled Khelif doctorant de Rose Dieng-Kuntz lorsqu’il travaillait sur l’extraction de connaissances sur des comptes-rendus d’expériences sur puces à ADN avait non seulement utilisé les sempiternels rappel et précision mais aussi une mesure d’utilité qui capturait le gain perçu par l’utilisateur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 20]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Enfin, quelques points particuliers sur lesquels je vais mettre un coup de projecteur, plus par affinité personnelle que par rapport à une importance relative&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: small; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;La contribution est-elle constructive&amp;nbsp;? Avoir une lecture critique est important et une contribution en soi que j’apprécie, mais si on me demande de lâcher une prise il faut que l’on m’en propose une autre sinon je tombe. En d’autres termes, parce qu’il y a un objectif d’ingénierie, de conception ou à minima de spécification je ne peux pas seulement constater les limites d’une approche je dois aussi pouvoir identifier des alternatives opérationnalisables. Bachimont disait que nous sommes des bricoleurs. Je veux bien que l’on fasse table rase sur mon établi à condition que l’on me donne au moins des pistes pour mes prochains outils.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 21]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Le Web a-t-il ou aurait-il pu être exploité d’une façon ou d’une autre dans la contribution&amp;nbsp;? (1) Le web est devenu un système d’information ubiquitaire et il est de notre devoir de nous assurer que cette ressource qui est maintenant systématiquement inscrite à notre paysage n’est pas ignorée. Dès lors que l’on s’intéresse à un système d’information le web est un point fixe de l’état de l’art et, même s’il n’est pas utilisable dans le scénario considéré, le positionnement doit être fait et motivé. (2) Les résultats publiables sur le web l’ont-ils été notamment les modèles et les données non confidentiels et pouvant être réutilisés par d’autres&amp;nbsp;? Non seulement pour promouvoir leur réutilisation et l’interopérabilité mais aussi pour permettre de répéter l’expérience et de construire des comparatifs, activités essentielles dans la progression des résultats scientifiques.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;[Transparent 22]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-2939371252159159924?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/2939371252159159924/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=2939371252159159924' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2939371252159159924'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2939371252159159924'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2011/05/les-questions-epistemologiques-de-la.html' title='Les questions épistémologiques de la recherche en Ingénierie des Connaissances'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-1558527029530051474</id><published>2010-06-26T23:40:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-26T23:40:09.431-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Name That Graph !</title><content type='html'>presentation on named graphs at the RDF next step workshop&lt;div style="width:425px" id="__ss_4624237"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/name-that-graph" title="Name That Graph !"&gt;Name That Graph !&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;object id="__sse4624237" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=namethatgraph2-100626161307-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=name-that-graph" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed name="__sse4624237" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=namethatgraph2-100626161307-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=name-that-graph" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon"&gt;Fabien Gandon&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-1558527029530051474?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/1558527029530051474/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=1558527029530051474' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/1558527029530051474'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/1558527029530051474'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2010/06/name-that-graph.html' title='Name That Graph !'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-3321098542144749642</id><published>2009-12-07T06:58:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-07T06:58:01.865-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Nice Tag Ontology : modeling tags as RDF named graphs</title><content type='html'>slides about the "Nice Tag Ontology" presented at Social Network Interoperability workshop ASWC 2009.&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2662750"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/nice-tag-ontology-modeling-tags-as-rdf-named-graphs" title="Nice Tag Ontology : modeling tags as RDF named graphs"&gt;Nice Tag Ontology : modeling tags as RDF named graphs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=nicetagontology-091206195535-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=nice-tag-ontology-modeling-tags-as-rdf-named-graphs" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=nicetagontology-091206195535-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=nice-tag-ontology-modeling-tags-as-rdf-named-graphs" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon"&gt;Fabien Gandon&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-3321098542144749642?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/3321098542144749642/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=3321098542144749642' title='2 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3321098542144749642'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3321098542144749642'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2009/12/nice-tag-ontology-modeling-tags-as-rdf.html' title='Nice Tag Ontology : modeling tags as RDF named graphs'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-364744895416322878</id><published>2009-11-12T05:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-12T05:16:14.595-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web 2.0'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='social web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><title type='text'>Proposition de Thèse: Présence en ligne, interactions et interruptions</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Titre :&lt;/b&gt; Présence en ligne, interactions et interruptions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contexte : &lt;/b&gt;Thèse CIFRE Alcatel-Lucent (Paris) &amp;amp; INRIA, Edelweiss (Sophia Antipolis)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Candidatures et informations :&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:alcatel-lucent-edelweiss@lists-sop.inria.fr"&gt;mailto:alcatel-lucent-edelweiss@lists-sop.inria.fr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Résumé :&lt;/b&gt; Percevoir la présence de quelqu’un est un élément important de la communication et de l’interaction humaine. La présence est à la fois une information instantanée et une information avec une certaine rémanence. Avec les évolutions du Web Social et les accès mobiles et ambiants au Web, la frontière entre notre présence dans le monde physique et notre présence sur Internet et le Web s’estompe. Les statuts de disponibilité des messageries instantanées, les messages/statut des micro-blogs, la géo localisation des accès web, la multiplication des points d’accès intégrés à l’environnent, les réseaux sociaux mobiles, etc. toutes ces informations permettent aux internautes et aux applications de mieux connaitre le contexte de leurs interlocuteurs. En l’état actuel des silos de données et utilisations propriétaires, ces informations et leur interopérabilité restent assez limitées et largement sous-utilisées. Dans le cadre de cette thèse nous proposons d’étudier et développer cette notion de présence de façon transversale aux applications afin de mieux comprendre ses caractéristiques, établir des mécanismes d’échange des descriptions de la présence et améliorer les interactions médiées par ces applications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les axes de recherche de cette thèse incluent :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;La définition de la présence : qu’est-ce qui définit notre présence en ligne ? Comment la percevons-nous ?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;La captation de la présence : beaucoup d’informations sur la situation actuelle d’un utilisateur peuvent être collectées à partir des différentes sources qui renseignent à différents niveaux sur la présence, la disponibilité, et le contexte actuel d’une personne.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;La représentation de la présence : les formalismes et pratiques de la représentation des données structurées sur le Web, du Web Sémantique et de l’initiative Linking Open Data peuvent être utilisés pour permettre l’échange et l’intégration de données relatives à la présence.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le contrôle d’accès à la présence : les données décrivant la présence en ligne sont dynamiques avec une fréquence de rafraichissement élevée. On s’intéressera donc à la question des mécanismes les plus adaptés au stockage et à l’interrogation des données de présence. De plus, dès lors que l’on capte et maintient des informations sur un utilisateur se pose la question de leur accès, du respect de la vie privée et de la confidentialité.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;La présentation et l’usage de la présence : nous chercherons à présenter à un utilisateur les aspects de la présence des autres utilisateurs pour faciliter la conscience de la présence des autres et des changements dans cette présence. Nous chercherons aussi à filtrer et adapter les échanges de cet utilisateur en fonction de sa propre présence.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-364744895416322878?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/364744895416322878/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=364744895416322878' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/364744895416322878'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/364744895416322878'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2009/11/proposition-de-these-presence-en-ligne.html' title='Proposition de Thèse: Présence en ligne, interactions et interruptions'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-8725347546909420468</id><published>2009-11-04T18:50:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-04T18:50:29.177-08:00</updated><title type='text'>semantics in social networks</title><content type='html'>An example of academic interest in using semantic web frameworks in the social web. Slides for the W3C Technical Plenary Day, Santa Clara, 2009.&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_2424177"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/semantics-in-social-networks" title="semantics in social networks"&gt;semantics in social networks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=panel5-091104162522-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=semantics-in-social-networks" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=panel5-091104162522-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=semantics-in-social-networks" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon"&gt;Fabien Gandon&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-8725347546909420468?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/8725347546909420468/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=8725347546909420468' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/8725347546909420468'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/8725347546909420468'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2009/11/semantics-in-social-networks.html' title='semantics in social networks'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-2557837940707642868</id><published>2009-07-10T06:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-10T06:17:02.733-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ontology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web 2.0'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='social web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='history'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wisdom of crowd'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='social networks'/><title type='text'>Web sémantique et Web social</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_1700977"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/web-smantique-et-web-social-1700977" title="Web Sémantique et Web Social"&gt;Web Sémantique et Web Social&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=courswiv3-090709101439-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=web-smantique-et-web-social-1700977" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=courswiv3-090709101439-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=web-smantique-et-web-social-1700977" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon"&gt;Fabien Gandon&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-2557837940707642868?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/2557837940707642868/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=2557837940707642868' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2557837940707642868'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2557837940707642868'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2009/07/web-semantique-et-web-social.html' title='Web sémantique et Web social'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-2875190469388463349</id><published>2009-05-27T14:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-27T14:13:45.572-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='OWL'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><title type='text'>OWL in one...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sh2sYi0IaqI/AAAAAAAAAIU/QiR1ESMN3gQ/s1600-h/OWL+in+one.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer; width: 380px; height: 284px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sh2sYi0IaqI/AAAAAAAAAIU/QiR1ESMN3gQ/s400/OWL+in+one.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5340614270793575074" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-2875190469388463349?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/2875190469388463349/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=2875190469388463349' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2875190469388463349'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2875190469388463349'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2009/05/owl-in-one.html' title='OWL in one...'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sh2sYi0IaqI/AAAAAAAAAIU/QiR1ESMN3gQ/s72-c/OWL+in+one.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-8483105434542914959</id><published>2009-02-08T07:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-08T07:46:43.157-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='social web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='social networks'/><title type='text'>Leveraging Social data with Semantics</title><content type='html'>Presentation at the &lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/2008/09/msnws/"&gt;W3C Workshop on the Future of Social Networking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 425px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_919678"&gt;&lt;a style="margin: 12px 0pt 3px; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; display: block; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/leveraging-social-data-with-semantics-presentation?type=presentation" title="Leveraging Social data with Semantics"&gt;Leveraging Social data with Semantics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=w3csnaslideshare-1232029019833122-3&amp;amp;stripped_title=leveraging-social-data-with-semantics-presentation"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=w3csnaslideshare-1232029019833122-3&amp;amp;stripped_title=leveraging-social-data-with-semantics-presentation" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon"&gt;Fabien Gandon&lt;/a&gt;. (tags: &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://slideshare.net/tag/socialnetwork"&gt;socialnetwork&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://slideshare.net/tag/semanticweb"&gt;semanticweb&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-8483105434542914959?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/8483105434542914959/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=8483105434542914959' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/8483105434542914959'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/8483105434542914959'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2009/02/leveraging-social-data-with-semantics.html' title='Leveraging Social data with Semantics'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-3772876684209219348</id><published>2009-01-16T02:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-16T03:10:34.396-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web 2.0'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='social web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='w3c'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wordle'/><title type='text'>Keywords at W3CSN the W3C Workshop on the Future of Social Networks</title><content type='html'>a wordle obtained using the titles of the &lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/2008/09/msnws/"&gt;W3CSN the W3C Workshop on the Future of Social Networks&lt;/a&gt; removing the words: social, network, mobile, position, paper, web and future.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/SXBqsV4i96I/AAAAAAAAAGs/mgFWB0Dl9Q8/s1600-h/W3CSN_Wordle.png"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 244px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/SXBqsV4i96I/AAAAAAAAAGs/mgFWB0Dl9Q8/s400/W3CSN_Wordle.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5291846872181438370" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wordle.net/gallery/wrdl/443385/W3C_Workshop_on_future_of_Social_Networks" title="Wordle: W3C Workshop on future of Social Networks"&gt;see full version here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-3772876684209219348?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/3772876684209219348/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=3772876684209219348' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3772876684209219348'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3772876684209219348'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2009/01/keywords-at-w3csn-w3c-workshop-on.html' title='Keywords at W3CSN the W3C Workshop on the Future of Social Networks'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/SXBqsV4i96I/AAAAAAAAAGs/mgFWB0Dl9Q8/s72-c/W3CSN_Wordle.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-1790064791814499980</id><published>2008-10-27T16:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-10-27T16:24:51.865-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ontology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slideshare'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='social web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slideshow'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cognition in the wild'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wisdom of crowd'/><title type='text'>Ontologies in the wild</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_697540"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/ontologies-in-the-wild-presentation?type=powerpoint" title="ontologies in the wild"&gt;ontologies in the wild&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=gandongiboinic20slideshare-1225146029970383-8&amp;stripped_title=ontologies-in-the-wild-presentation" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=gandongiboinic20slideshare-1225146029970383-8&amp;stripped_title=ontologies-in-the-wild-presentation" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View SlideShare &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/ontologies-in-the-wild-presentation?type=powerpoint" title="View ontologies in the wild on SlideShare"&gt;presentation&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/upload?type=powerpoint"&gt;Upload&lt;/a&gt; your own. (tags: &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://slideshare.net/tag/wild"&gt;wild&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://slideshare.net/tag/cognition"&gt;cognition&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-1790064791814499980?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/1790064791814499980/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=1790064791814499980' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/1790064791814499980'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/1790064791814499980'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/10/ontologies-in-wild.html' title='Ontologies in the wild'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-5115348068645733692</id><published>2008-09-29T08:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-09-29T08:27:22.791-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general practitioner'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='computer science'/><title type='text'>A general practitioner for computer science?</title><content type='html'>A general practitioner for computer science?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When someone feels sick, when he has a "health problem" he usually goes to see a GP. He doesn't directly go to see a podiatrist, a chiropractor, a cardiologist, a surgeon, a dermatologist, a neurologist, etc. He sets an appointment with the general practitioner because this physician has a broad understanding of all illnesses and he does not restrict his practice to any particular field. The GP provides an important service: he evaluates the problems, identifies the needs, builds a general diagnosis of the problem and when it is a known problem and general enough he points to a generic solution (of the shelves of the pharmacy), if not, he knows enough about the specialization domains to route the patient to the right specialist or to a group of them if needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The general practitioner is a generalist i.e. he is the specialist of health problem analysis and pre-processing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When someone feels information is not processed as it should be, when he has a "computing problem / informatics problem" who should he turn to? Some turn directly to the first computer specialist they can find: a database specialist, an interface designer, a C++ programmer, a system administrator, a data miner, etc. Where is the general practitioner for computer science? Who is the computer generalist one should turn to when one has an information system problem? The generalist who builds a general diagnosis of an informatics problem, the one who knows typical problems and of the shelve solutions and who knows enough about the specialization domains in computer science to route the user to the right specialist or to a group of them if needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We need a computer science generalist, a specialist of informatics problem analysis and need analysis.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-5115348068645733692?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/5115348068645733692/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=5115348068645733692' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/5115348068645733692'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/5115348068645733692'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/09/general-practitioner-for-computer.html' title='A general practitioner for computer science?'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-3865979636018476166</id><published>2008-09-26T10:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-09-29T08:23:42.025-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ontology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RDFS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='irc'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vocabulary'/><title type='text'>IRC Ontology: an RDF vocabulary to represent IRC logs.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;We just released an ontology for IRC logs available as an RDF vocabulary. It is available &lt;a href="http://ns.inria.fr/irc/2008/09/25/voc.rdf"&gt;as RDF/XML&lt;/a&gt; and has for namespace &lt;a href="http://ns.inria.fr/irc/2008/09/25/voc"&gt;http://ns.inria.fr/irc/2008/09/25/voc&lt;/a&gt; . Its initial version was authored by &lt;a href="http://www-sop.inria.fr/edelweiss/people/Adil.El_Ghali/"&gt;Adil El Ghali&lt;/a&gt; and this new release has for additional contributors &lt;a href="http://www-sop.inria.fr/edelweiss/people/Fabien.Gandon/"&gt;Fabien Gandon&lt;/a&gt; and  &lt;a href="http://tommorris.org/"&gt;Tom Morris&lt;/a&gt;. You can browse it using a number of services:&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/06/webdata/xslt?xmlfile=http%3A%2F%2Fns.inria.fr%2Firc%2F2008%2F09%2F25%2Fvoc.rdf&amp;amp;xslfile=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.w3.org%2Fcvsweb%2F%7Echeckout%7E%2F2004%2Frdfs2html%2Frdfs2html.xsl%3Frev%3D1.1"&gt;IRC schema in W3C RDF Schema formatter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://pellet.owldl.com/owlsight/?ontology=http%3A//ns.inria.fr/irc/2008/09/25/voc.rdf"&gt;IRC schema in OWLSight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/Validator/ARPServlet?URI=http%3A%2F%2Fns.inria.fr%2Firc%2F2008%2F09%2F25%2Fvoc.rdf&amp;amp;PARSE=Parse+URI%3A+&amp;amp;TRIPLES_AND_GRAPH=PRINT_BOTH&amp;amp;FORMAT=PNG_EMBED"&gt;IRC schema in RDF Validator with graph view&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://xml.mfd-consult.dk/ws/2003/01/rdfs/?rdfs=http%3A%2F%2Fns.inria.fr%2Firc%2F2008%2F09%2F25%2Fvoc.rdf"&gt;IRC schema in RDF explorer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-3865979636018476166?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://ns.inria.fr/irc/2008/09/25/voc' title='IRC Ontology: an RDF vocabulary to represent IRC logs.'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/3865979636018476166/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=3865979636018476166' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3865979636018476166'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3865979636018476166'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/09/irc-ontology-rdf-vocabulary-to.html' title='IRC Ontology: an RDF vocabulary to represent IRC logs.'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-2054298968963588833</id><published>2008-08-30T10:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-08-30T10:18:09.085-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slideshare'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nutshell'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tutorial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slideshow'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='POWDER'/><title type='text'>POWDER in a nutshell</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_575649"&gt;&lt;a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/powder-in-a-nutshell-presentation?src=embed" title="POWDER in a Nutshell"&gt;POWDER in a Nutshell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=powderinanutshellv1-1220115512857472-9&amp;stripped_title=powder-in-a-nutshell-presentation" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=powderinanutshellv1-1220115512857472-9&amp;stripped_title=powder-in-a-nutshell-presentation" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;View SlideShare &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/powder-in-a-nutshell-presentation?src=embed" title="View POWDER in a Nutshell on SlideShare"&gt;presentation&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/upload?src=embed"&gt;Upload&lt;/a&gt; your own. (tags: &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://slideshare.net/tag/powder"&gt;powder&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://slideshare.net/tag/nutshell"&gt;nutshell&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-2054298968963588833?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/powder-in-a-nutshell-presentation/' title='POWDER in a nutshell'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/2054298968963588833/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=2054298968963588833' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2054298968963588833'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2054298968963588833'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/08/powder-in-nutshell.html' title='POWDER in a nutshell'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-3407007635433962906</id><published>2008-07-22T02:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-08-08T08:45:24.781-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RDFa'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='GRDDL'/><title type='text'>GRDDDL profile and transformation for RDFa version 19 is out.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;I released the 19th version of the &lt;a href="http://ns.inria.fr/grddl/rdfa/"&gt;GRDDDL profile and transformation for RDFa&lt;/a&gt;. The latest version of this profile and this transformation are always available at this URL:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://ns.inria.fr/grddl/rdfa/"&gt;http://ns.inria.fr/grddl/rdfa/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;          &lt;p&gt;The use of this profile licenses RDF data extracted by the RDFa2RDFXML.xsl XSLT transformation from an RDFa source.&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p&gt;If you want to declare that a document contains RDFa and always uses the latest profile, add this profile to the head of your XHTML:&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &amp;lt;head profile=&amp;quot;http://ns.inria.fr/grddl/rdfa/&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;p&gt;If you want to use a specific version of the transformation, use the specific profile of that version, e.g.:&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &amp;lt;head profile="http://ns.inria.fr/grddl/rdfa/2008/08/07/"&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/code&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  or reference the transformation directly, e.g.:&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &amp;lt;head profile=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   (...)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &amp;lt;link rel=&amp;quot;transformation&amp;quot; href=&amp;quot;http://ns.inria.fr/grddl/rdfa/2008/08/07/RDFa2RDFXML.xsl&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   (...)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &amp;lt;/head&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;This software is distributed under either the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 or the CeCILL-C license.&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;This transformation is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the &lt;a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"&gt;GNU Lesser General Public License&lt;/a&gt;    as published by the Free Software Foundation version 3 of the License or under the terms of the &lt;a href="http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL-C_V1-en.html"&gt;CeCILL-C license&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;See the &lt;a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"&gt;GNU Lesser General Public License version 3&lt;/a&gt;    and the &lt;a href="http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL-C_V1-en.html"&gt;CeCILL-C license&lt;/a&gt; for more details.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-3407007635433962906?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/3407007635433962906/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=3407007635433962906' title='2 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3407007635433962906'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3407007635433962906'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/07/grdddl-profile-and-transformation-for.html' title='GRDDDL profile and transformation for RDFa version 19 is out.'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-2374400060274071905</id><published>2008-06-23T09:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-06-23T09:29:07.196-07:00</updated><title type='text'>wordgraph from wordle.net of Fabien Gandon's Del.icio.us account</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://wordle.net/gallery/wrdl/12802/Fabien_Gandon" title="Wordle: Fabien Gandon"&gt;&lt;img src="http://wordle.net/thumb/wrdl/12802/Fabien_Gandon" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-2374400060274071905?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/2374400060274071905/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=2374400060274071905' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2374400060274071905'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/2374400060274071905'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/06/wordgraph-from-wordlenet-of-fabien.html' title='wordgraph from wordle.net of Fabien Gandon&apos;s Del.icio.us account'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-86326390484767278</id><published>2008-05-29T07:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-05-29T07:16:22.713-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='internet'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='history'/><title type='text'>Is the telegraph of Hawthorne the Internet of today?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-US"&gt;"Then there is electricity the demon, the angel, the mighty physical power, the all-pervading intelligence!" exclaimed Clifford. "Is that a humbug, too? Is it a fact or have I dreamed it that, by means of electricity, the world of matter has become a great nerve, vibrating thousands of miles in a breathless point of time? Rather, the round globe is a vast head, a brain, instinct with intelligence! Or, shall we say, it is itself a thought, nothing but thought, and no longer the substance which we deemed it!" &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-US"&gt;"If you mean the telegraph," said the old gentle man, glancing-his eye toward its wire, alongside the rail-track, "it is an excellent thing; that is, of course, if the speculators in cotton and politics don’t get possession of it. A great thing, indeed, sir; particularly as regards the detection of bank-robbers and murderers." &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-US"&gt;"I don’t quite like it, in that point of view," replied Clifford. "A bank-robber, and what you call a murderer, likewise, has his rights, which men of enlightened humanity and conscience should regard in so much the more liberal spirit, because the bulk of society is prone to controvert their existence. An almost spiritual medium, like the electric telegraph, should be consecrated to high, deep, joyful, and holy missions."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The House of the seven gables; (pref. 1851); The Flight of two Owls p317- p318, London, Collins' Clear-Type Press, 1851, &lt;a href="http://www.americanliterature.com/Hawthorne/TheHouseofSevenGables/18.html"&gt;see online version&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-86326390484767278?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/86326390484767278/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=86326390484767278' title='1 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/86326390484767278'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/86326390484767278'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/05/is-telegraph-of-hawthorne-internet-of.html' title='Is the telegraph of Hawthorne the Internet of today?'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-782883592420787175</id><published>2008-05-28T01:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-05-28T01:39:26.830-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ontology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><title type='text'>Ontologies in computer science and on the web</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width: 425px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_428965"&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=ontologyonthewebv5-1211819750307053-8"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=ontologyonthewebv5-1211819750307053-8" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/?src=embed"&gt;&lt;img src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/logo_embd.png" style="border: 0px none ; margin-bottom: -5px;" alt="SlideShare" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/ontologies-in-computer-science-and-on-the-web?src=embed" title="View Ontologies in computer science and on the web on SlideShare"&gt;View&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/upload?src=embed"&gt;Upload your own&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-782883592420787175?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/782883592420787175/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=782883592420787175' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/782883592420787175'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/782883592420787175'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/05/ontologies-in-computer-science-and-on.html' title='Ontologies in computer science and on the web'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-7645074937594424495</id><published>2008-05-15T02:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-05-15T02:27:38.472-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semiotics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='interfaces'/><title type='text'>Surrogates and the Semantic Web</title><content type='html'>The semantic Web can be summarized as a Web augmented with formalized knowledge annotating it and that applications can use through inferences for their tasks or to help users navigate, search, modify, etc. To interact with this semantic Web we need interfaces that make it intelligible to end-users. The problem of intelligibility is different from the one of interoperability. Intelligibility is not ensured by working at the semantic level. Pieces of knowledge are manipulated and combined, and the intelligibility of the results is not ensured through transformations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indexing resources consists of scanning the set of these resources and building representative surrogates (e.g. a vector of terms) for each one of them. Surrogates for indexing may be as simple as collecting some words of the document or as complex as a natural language analysis of its content resulting in semantic annotations. Surrogates are not limited to representing the content of the resources, but can also include metadata (e.g. editor, author, ISBN, etc.) and more generally external properties of the resource (e.g. number of hyperlinks pointing toward it, etc.). The choice of the surrogate influences to a great extent the whole information systems and motivated a lot of research in the field of information retrieval. Thus, in information systems, the first use of surrogates of information resources is to provide a highly synthetic and representative structure reduced to those features of the resource that are relevant for the intended processing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besides the efficiency of the retrieval algorithm, a major factor in users' acceptance of a system is the user-interface through which they interact with it. Search results in a classical Web search engine usually take the form of a list of pages with for each result some text extracted from the selected page and justifying the selection. In addition, other information may be given (e.g. URL, date of indexing, thumbnail) and the results are ranked according to their estimated relevance to the query. To represent this set of selected resources, the system uses a second kind of surrogates: the second use of information resource surrogates is to provide a highly synthetic and representative structure reduced to those features relevant for the users to identify the resources and their position in the set of results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An identifier is always present in both types of surrogates, but it is not enough for users since it is usually a system identifier such as a database primary key or a URI (e.g. http://st5.com/ReportV278.htm#C12) which barely provides any information about the resource and is usually only used in operations such as joints. Thus the second kind of surrogates requires information such as: title, focused extract, previews, etc. From the choice of the surrogate depends the ability of the system to propose views that organize the results efficiently.&lt;br /&gt;In the case of a semantic search engine (a search engine exploiting formal knowledge representation) where queries and results are only limited by the available ontologies, the problem of finding a generic mechanism to build these surrogates is an open one. One of the difficulties is that the relevance of the features used to build a surrogate is domain-dependent.&lt;br /&gt;Currently, there is a huge gap between the conceptual structures underlying the semantic web and the final rendering of a user-interface enabling an end-user to peruse or act on part of it. Most of the time user-interface designers implement in ad hoc ways the transformation from their internal data structures to the interface representations. This is no longer feasible when the data structures, their schemata, transformations, etc. are changing and propagating through networks. In other words this is not possible in the semantic Web. Interfaces will have to be, at least partly, dynamically generated and rendered for every structure coming in contact with the users. We need to automate part of the process of generating representations for the concepts mobilized in the semantic web.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ontologies provide the semantic grounding for communication and as such, are at the frontier between the conceptualization of the system and the one of the users. Thus ontologies need to be understandable both to humans and to machines, otherwise they can no longer play this pivotal role and they are no longer usable, maintainable, etc. Moreover, the whole internal conceptual structures should never be shown to end-users; not only because their logical face is abstruse, but also because, as humans, we do not mobilize our whole conceptualizations each time we communicate, think, act, etc.: we focus. Therefore, a system must not impose to users to handle a whole ontology each time they have an interaction: we focus and user-interfaces must focus with us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;User-interfaces have the unenviable role of bridging the gap between explicit conceptualizations captured in ontologies and day-to-day use of signs to denote concepts with unavoidable ambiguity and fuzziness. The very simple fact of choosing labels in an ontology introduces it in the field of semiotics; user-interface and ontological problems must be tackled in parallel. This brings us back to the problem of choosing surrogates for visualization. This aspect was mostly overlooked in literature while it is vital to support the mechanisms of interpretation associated to our models, our inferences and their results. For example, to represent the instance of a person, it makes sense to build a surrogate including the first name and the surname of the person but the age, height and address may not be useful unless explicitly required by a scenario. Distinguishing between key and non key properties is a scenario-dependent task.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To go even further, there is a need for a richer model of the links between the conceptual structures of the semantic web and the semiotic level of the classic web for humans. This is a call for the involvement of the semioticians in the modeling and inference mechanisms underlying the semantic web. This is becoming vital in a pervasive World Wide Web using multi-modal, multi-media devices and growing more and more mobile every day. We need to be able to identify and differentiate between alternative signs and media channel, and link these semiotic alternatives and their logics to the underlying semiotic structures and logics. The question of the link between the ontologies and the semiotic systems they interact with is to be explored thoroughly. Looking even further there is a need to model the combination of semantic web resources and pragmatic web resources to produce semiotic web resources.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generation of the interfaces for the semantic web will be dynamic and will use: the users' profile, the context and history of interactions, semiotic modeling primitives added to our meta-model, signs linked to the primitives of our ontologies, logics of semiotics and surrogate generation, in addition to the conceptual structures to be communicated to the users.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Exracted from &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"Fabien Gandon,  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1517871"&gt;Generating Surrogates to Make the Semantic Web Intelligible to End-Users&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;, IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, Compiegne University of Technology, September 19-22, 2005"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-7645074937594424495?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1517871' title='Surrogates and the Semantic Web'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/7645074937594424495/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=7645074937594424495' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/7645074937594424495'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/7645074937594424495'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/05/surrogates-and-semantic-web.html' title='Surrogates and the Semantic Web'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-3665249044454322172</id><published>2008-04-21T20:47:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-22T19:35:48.261-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slideshare'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nutshell'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tutorial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slideshow'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='SKOS'/><title type='text'>SKOS in a nutshell</title><content type='html'>second version of the slideshare tutorial is online...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width:425px;text-align:left" id="__ss_368338"&gt;&lt;object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=skosinanutshellv3-1208917454064068-9"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=skosinanutshellv3-1208917454064068-9" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size:11px;font-family:tahoma,arial;height:26px;padding-top:2px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/?src=embed"&gt;&lt;img src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/logo_embd.png" style="border:0px none;margin-bottom:-5px" alt="SlideShare"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/skos-in-a-nutshell-368338?src=embed" title="View 'SKOS in a nutshell' on SlideShare"&gt;View&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/upload?src=embed"&gt;Upload your own&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-3665249044454322172?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/skos-in-a-nutshell/' title='SKOS in a nutshell'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/3665249044454322172/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=3665249044454322172' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3665249044454322172'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/3665249044454322172'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/04/skos-in-nutshell_21.html' title='SKOS in a nutshell'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-7996807373292888650</id><published>2008-04-20T17:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-20T17:44:19.562-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web 2.0'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='social web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><title type='text'>semantic web, social web, web 2.0, web 3.0, ... web n.0</title><content type='html'>By nature, a Web application requires taking into account its semiotic dimension (as a meaningful system mobilizing signs of all types to build representations for humans), its pragmatic dimension (as a semiotic system with multiple usages which influence its interpretation) and its social dimension (as a virtual space of interaction). In our opinion, nothing in the semantic Web initiative is opposed to taking these dimensions into account quite to the contrary we might add. The official semantic web activity page says "The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries" . The core motivating scenario of the semantic web initiative thus is assistance to collaboration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the past eight years, semantic web researchers have proposed pivot languages to represent and exchange data, but they have prescribed or restricted neither the use of these languages nor the methods to generate the data they convey. Opposing ontology and folksonomy is like opposing a "cake" and a "baked cake" - they are not at the same level of abstraction. Folksonomies are defined by the way they are obtained (social tagging). Ontologies are defined by their content (a representation of a conceptualization), and not by the way they are obtained. Furthermore, nothing in the objectives or formalisms of the semantic web is opposed to taking into account the social dimension of the web.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another important point that is often missed is the notion of domain of formalization. In a semantic web application, the domain to be formalized in RDF/S or OWL is not always the application domain since formalization is primarily specified by the task. Thus if the task is, for instance, assistance with the alignment of several medical terminologies, perhaps formalization will focus on linguistic primitives (e.g. term, synonymous with, hyponym of, acronym of, etc.), allowing the representation and comparison of the various terminologies. In other words, we do not inevitably find the notions of our domain of application in our RDFS schema. Building semantic web applications in the automotive industry doesn't necessarily mean we will find the concept of "car", "windshield" or "engine" in our ontology. In a Web 2.0 application this means that the use of semantic web frameworks does not imply that the domain of application will have to be formalized. As an example, if I want to allow social tagging for a music bank I don't necessarily have to formalize music categories in RDFS but I can choose to formalize the domain of social tagging and declare the notions of "tag", "tag cloud", etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another dangerous misconception is to consider that ontology-based solutions are necessarily centralized and/or monolithic solutions with frozen schemas. Multiple schemas, namespaces and equivalence relations are examples of core mechanisms of semantic web formalisms that clearly show that the semantic web vision is that of a distributed, decentralized, integration system. Moreover, to represent and publish an ontology in RDFS or OWL does not imply that it is now set in stone. The semantic web perfectly acknowledges the existence of a life-cycle of ontologies (e.g., relations of equivalences between two ontologies in OWL, best practices to choose URIs to manage the evolution of a concept, etc.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, designing an application using semantic Web frameworks does not imply building a solution only with the tools of the semantic web. On the contrary, a proprietary application which manages an electronic calendar is an application of the semantic web if it simply makes it possible to export and to import its data in one of the languages of the semantic web. It doesn't need to have a rule engine, a Prolog virtual machine, some tableau algorithms or a projection operator implementing SPARQL. The only effort which is required from it is to do the only thing towards the interoperability which cannot be done by something else to make explicit its data structures and the conceptualization on which it is based. It is the old challenge of ontologies but with results at the scale of the Web.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;from text I contributed in &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Michel Buffa, Fabien Gandon, Guillaume Ereteo, Peter Sander and Catherine Faron,&lt;a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&amp;amp;_imagekey=B758F-4R53WD4-4-T&amp;amp;_cdi=12925&amp;amp;_user=6068170&amp;amp;_orig=browse&amp;amp;_coverDate=02%2F29%2F2008&amp;amp;_sk=999939998&amp;amp;view=c&amp;amp;wchp=dGLzVzz-zSkzS&amp;amp;md5=5df23da1cfce3bcaa591646a4199fadd&amp;amp;ie=/sdarticle.pdf"&gt; SweetWiki: A semantic wiki&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/15708268"&gt;Special Issue of the Journal of Web Semantics on Semantic Web and Web 2.0, Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2008&lt;/a&gt; , Edited by Mark Greaves and Peter Mika, Elsevier, Pages 84-97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-7996807373292888650?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&amp;_imagekey=B758F-4R53WD4-4-T&amp;_cdi=12925&amp;_user=6068170&amp;_orig=browse&amp;_coverDate=02%2F29%2F2008&amp;_sk=999939998&amp;view=c&amp;wchp=dGLzVzz-zSkzS&amp;md5=5df23da1cfce3bcaa591646a4199fadd&amp;ie=/sdarticle.pdf' title='semantic web, social web, web 2.0, web 3.0, ... web n.0'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/7996807373292888650/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=7996807373292888650' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/7996807373292888650'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/7996807373292888650'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/04/semantic-web-social-web-web-20-web-30.html' title='semantic web, social web, web 2.0, web 3.0, ... web n.0'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-127324766350661845</id><published>2008-04-14T01:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-20T17:46:23.210-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slideshare'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RDFa'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nutshell'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='semantic web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tutorial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slideshow'/><title type='text'>New version of slideshow "RDFa in a nutshell"</title><content type='html'>this one includes the new "typeof" attribute:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 425px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_205076"&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=rdfa-in-a-nutshell-v1-1197829104736305-2"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=rdfa-in-a-nutshell-v1-1197829104736305-2" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/?src=embed"&gt;&lt;img src="http://static.slideshare.net/swf/logo_embd.png" style="border: 0px none ; margin-bottom: -5px;" alt="SlideShare" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/rdfa-in-a-nutshell-v1?src=embed" title="View 'RDFa In A Nutshell V2' on SlideShare"&gt;View&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/upload?src=embed"&gt;Upload your own&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-127324766350661845?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/127324766350661845/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=127324766350661845' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/127324766350661845'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/127324766350661845'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/04/new-version-of-slideshow-rdfa-in.html' title='New version of slideshow &quot;RDFa in a nutshell&quot;'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1786694608229102781.post-8710257899476337566</id><published>2008-04-14T01:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-14T01:17:22.139-07:00</updated><title type='text'>One's told me "Fabien make your blog !"...</title><content type='html'>... so here I am, blogging for no reason yet. Let's hope I find interesting things to post here.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1786694608229102781-8710257899476337566?l=fabien-gandon.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/feeds/8710257899476337566/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1786694608229102781&amp;postID=8710257899476337566' title='1 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/8710257899476337566'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1786694608229102781/posts/default/8710257899476337566'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://fabien-gandon.blogspot.com/2008/04/ones-told-me-fabien-make-your-blog.html' title='One&apos;s told me &quot;Fabien make your blog !&quot;...'/><author><name>Fabien Gandon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08908419593513997049</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z1PUcRnw2jc/Sx3wOeYPhFI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/z_6rJmqD6ZE/S220/small_madrid.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>
